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2014年10月4日 星期六

使用UrlRewriter重寫網址

簡介

UrlRewrite(http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/)的作用是用來改寫網址,例如用在產生較短的網址、或配合SEO調整網址命名等。

使用方式

1. 複製urlrewritefilter-4.0.3.jar到WEB-INF/lib目錄下
2. 修改WEB-INF/web.xml檔案,增加urlrewite filter與filter-mapping
<filter>
           <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
           <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>          
           
<filter-mapping>
           <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
           <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
           <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
           <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>

</filter-mapping>

3.新增urlrewrite.xml到WEB-INF目錄下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE urlrewrite PUBLIC "-//tuckey.org//DTD UrlRewrite 4.0//EN"
        "http://www.tuckey.org/res/dtds/urlrewrite4.0.dtd">
<urlrewrite>
           <!-- 清除jsessionid -->
           <rule match-type="regex">
                     <from>(.*)(;jsessionid=.{32})(.*)</from>
                     <to type="forward">$1$3</to>
           </rule>

           <!-- transmit rule  -->
           <rule match-type="regex">
                     <condition type="request-uri" operator="equal ">.+(\.do).*</condition>
                     <condition type="request-uri" operator="notequal">.+(transmit\.do).*</condition>
                     <from>/(.+)</from>
                     <to type="forward">/transmit.do?forwardTo=/$1</to>
           </rule>
          

</urlrewrite>

以上述範例而言,筆者在urlrewrite.xml增加了2個rule,第一個rule是去除url上的jsessioid、大二個rule是將如http://localhost:8080/webapp/exmaple/hello.do的網址轉換成http://localhost:8080/webapp/transmit.do?forwardTo=/exmaple/hello.do,藉此產生較短網址。

2014年9月1日 星期一

使用XStream將java物件轉換成xml資料格式

簡介

之前介紹過Apache Commons Digester套件,可以將以xml格式表示的資料轉換成Java的model物件(請參考該網誌)。若要進行相反的動作,即將Java的model物件轉換成xml格式,可以使用XStream(http://xstream.codehaus.org/)套件。

XStream的使用方式如下:
XStream xstream = new XStream();

xstream.alias("addressBook", AddressBook.class);
xstream.alias("person", Person.class);
xstream.alias("address", Address.class);

xstream.addImplicitCollection(AddressBook.class, "personList"); // to avoid <personList> tag
xstream.addImplicitCollection(Person.class, "addressList"); // to avoid <addressList> tag

String xml = xstream.toXML(addressBook1);

logger.info("addressBook.toXML(use xstream) = " + xml);

執行結果:
[2014/09/01 11:27:54]  INFO tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.AddressBook:171 - addressBook.toXML(use xstream) = <addressBook>
  <personList>
    <person>
      <id>1</id>
      <name>Gonzo</name>
      <emailMap>
        <entry>
          <string>business</string>
          <string>gonzo@muppets.com</string>
        </entry>
      </emailMap>
      <addressList>
        <address>
          <type>home</type>
          <street>123 Maine Ave.</street>
          <city>Las Vegas</city>
          <state>NV</state>
          <zip>01234</zip>
          <country>USA</country>
        </address>
        <address>
          <type>business</type>
          <street>234 Maple Dr.</street>
          <city>Los Angeles</city>
          <state>CA</state>
          <zip>98765</zip>
          <country>USA</country>
        </address>
      </addressList>
    </person>
    <person>
      <id>2</id>
      <name>Kermit</name>
      <emailMap>
        <entry>
          <string>home</string>
          <string>kermie@acme.com</string>
        </entry>
        <entry>
          <string>business</string>
          <string>kermit@muppets.com</string>
        </entry>
      </emailMap>
      <addressList>
        <address>
          <type>business</type>
          <street>987 Brown Rd</street>
          <city>Las Cruces</city>
          <state>NM</state>
          <zip>75321</zip>
          <country>USA</country>
        </address>
      </addressList>
    </person>
  </personList>
</addressBook>

若是使用XStream產出XML格式,要反轉回Java物件,其使用方式如下:
AddressBook addressBook2 = (AddressBook)xstream.fromXML(xml);

logger.info("addressBook2.toString(use xstream) = " + addressBook2.toString());

執行結果:
[2014/09/01 11:44:03]  INFO tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.AddressBook:175 - addressBook2.toString(use xstream) = tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.AddressBook@11f2ee1[personList=[tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.Person@3ecfff[id=1,name=Gonzo,emailMap={business=gonzo@muppets.com},addressList=[tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.Address@1c99159[type=home,street=123 Maine Ave.,city=Las Vegas,state=NV,zip=01234,country=USA], tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.Address@65a77f[type=business,street=234 Maple Dr.,city=Los Angeles,state=CA,zip=98765,country=USA]]], tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.Person@1d7ad1c[id=2,name=Kermit,emailMap={home=kermie@acme.com, business=kermit@muppets.com},addressList=[tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.Address@a61164[type=business,street=987 Brown Rd,city=Las Cruces,state=NM,zip=75321,country=USA]]]]]

XStream除了XML格式外,還可以另產出JSON格式,其使用方式如下:
xstream = new XStream(new JettisonMappedXmlDriver());

xstream.setMode(XStream.NO_REFERENCES);

xstream.alias("addressBook", AddressBook.class);
xstream.alias("person", Person.class);
xstream.alias("address", Address.class);

xstream.addImplicitCollection(AddressBook.class, "personList"); // to avoid <personList> tag
xstream.addImplicitCollection(Person.class, "addressList"); // to avoid <addressList> tag

String json = xstream.toXML(addressBook1);

logger.info("addressBook.toJSON(use xstream) = " + json);

執行結果:
[2014/09/01 11:50:04]  INFO tw.blogspot.saminjava.demo.xstream.AddressBook:195 - addressBook.toJSON(use xstream) = {"addressBook":{"person":[{"id":1,"name":"Gonzo","emailMap":[{"entry":{"string":["business","gonzo@muppets.com"]}}],"address":[{"type":"home","street":"123 Maine Ave.","city":"Las Vegas","state":"NV","zip":"01234","country":"USA"},{"type":"business","street":"234 Maple Dr.","city":"Los Angeles","state":"CA","zip":98765,"country":"USA"}]},{"id":2,"name":"Kermit","emailMap":[{"entry":[{"string":["home","kermie@acme.com"]},{"string":["business","kermit@muppets.com"]}]}],"address":{"type":"business","street":"987 Brown Rd","city":"Las Cruces","state":"NM","zip":75321,"country":"USA"}}]}}

2014年8月1日 星期五

使用PhantomJS實作網頁截圖功能

簡介

PhantomJS(http://phantomjs.org/)是一個讓使用者可以使用javascript 控制WebKit排版引擎(主要設計是用來讓網頁瀏覽器繪製網頁)的API套件。筆者使用過後讚嘆不已,只能說:簡單!強大!好用!

安裝方式

其實不需要安裝啦!去官網下載後,直接解壓縮放到某一個目錄即可,若是windows會在解壓縮目錄下找到phantomjs.exe,直接在command line執行寫好的PhantomJS javascript即可(如hello.js)。

phantom hello.js

撰寫網頁截圖script

其實PhantomJS已經有附一個簡易的網頁截圖sample code,放在PhantomJS目錄下的examples/rasterize.js(命名比較奇怪,所以容易找不到):
var page = require('webpage').create(),
    system = require('system'),
    address, output, size;

if (system.args.length < 3 || system.args.length > 5) {
    console.log('Usage: rasterize.js URL filename [paperwidth*paperheight|paperformat] [zoom]');
    console.log('  paper (pdf output) examples: "5in*7.5in", "10cm*20cm", "A4", "Letter"');
    phantom.exit(1);
} else {
    address = system.args[1];
    output = system.args[2];
    page.viewportSize = { width: 600, height: 600 };
    if (system.args.length > 3 && system.args[2].substr(-4) === ".pdf") {
        size = system.args[3].split('*');
        page.paperSize = size.length === 2 ? { width: size[0], height: size[1], margin: '0px' }
                                           : { format: system.args[3], orientation: 'portrait', margin: '1cm' };
    }
    if (system.args.length > 4) {
        page.zoomFactor = system.args[4];
    }
    page.open(address, function (status) {
        if (status !== 'success') {
            console.log('Unable to load the address!');
            phantom.exit();
        } else {
            window.setTimeout(function () {
                page.render(output);
                phantom.exit();
            }, 200);
        }
    });
}

rasterize.js支援4個參數,依序介紹如下:
  1. (必填)要被截圖的網址,如:http://www.google.com.tw
  2. (必填)截圖完成時儲存的檔案名稱,如:c:\pageCapture.png
  3. (選填)若截圖為pdf時(用截圖檔案結尾為"pdf"做判斷),pdf的紙張大小
  4. (選填)若截圖為pdf時(用截圖檔案結尾為"pdf"做判斷),pdf的zoom size

執行結果


但這個範例的最大問題在於截圖的大小固定為600*600 px,所以在實用上需要再做一點修改,以下為將rasterize.js改為可以接收以px為單位的截圖大小:
var page = require('webpage').create(),
    system = require('system'),
    address, output, size;

if (system.args.length < 3 || system.args.length > 5) {
    console.log('Usage: screenshot.js URL filename [imagewidth*imageheight|paperwidth*paperheight|paperformat] [zoom]');
    console.log('  image (png output) examples: "1024*768"');
    console.log('  paper (pdf output) examples: "5in*7.5in", "10cm*20cm", "A4", "Letter"');
    phantom.exit(1);
} else {
    address = system.args[1];
    output = system.args[2];
    var clipRect = null;
   
    page.viewportSize = { width: 600, height: 600 };
    if (system.args.length > 3) {
        size = system.args[3].split('*');
        console.log('size[0] = ' + size[0] + ', size[1] = ' + size[1]);
       
        if (system.args[2].substr(-4) === ".pdf") {
            page.paperSize = size.length === 2 ? { width: size[0], height: size[1], margin: '0px' }
                                               : { format: system.args[3], orientation: 'portrait', margin: '1cm' };
        } else {
            clipRect = {top: 0, left:0, width: size[0], height: size[1]};
        }
    }
    if (system.args.length > 4) {
        page.zoomFactor = system.args[4];
    }
   
    page.open(address, function (status) {
        if (status !== 'success') {
            console.log('Unable to load the address!');
            phantom.exit();
        } else {
            window.setTimeout(function () {
               
                try {
                    if (clipRect) {
                        page.clipRect = clipRect;
                        console.log('Capturing page to ' + output + ' with clipRect' + JSON.stringify(clipRect));
                    } else {
                        console.log('Capturing page to ' + output);
                    }
                    page.render(output);
                } catch (e) {
                    console.log('Failed to capture screenshot as ' + output + ': ' + e, "error");
                }
               
                console.log('Capture screenshot success!');
                phantom.exit();
            }, 200);
        }
    });

}

使用Java呼叫PhantomJS

在java程式內,可以使用Runtime物件的exec()方法產生image。
String execCommand = "C:/phantomjs-1.9.7/phantomjs.exe C:/phantomjs-1.9.7/myJs/screenshot.js http://www.google.com.tw c:/pageCapture.png 1024*768";

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(execCommand);

process.waitFor();